Walt Disney Company, By Robert B. Sherman, Composer And...

THIS CONTRACT is between P.L.Travers, hereinafter â€Å"Author,† Walter Elias Disney, The Walt Disney Company, hereinafter â€Å"Producer,† and Don DaGradi, co-writer, Robert B. Sherman, composer and lyricist, Richard M. Sherman, composer and lyricist, hereinafter â€Å"Crew†. In consideration of the promises made by each to the other, Author, Producer and Crew agree as follows: WHERE AS, AUTHOR is an amazing writer and has the RIGHTS to her books. WHERE AS, AUTHOR wants a LIVE ACTION movie. WHERE AS, AUTHOR wants Script Approval. WHERE AS, PRODUCER wants the rights to make the movie. WHERE AS, PRODUCER wants to share the rights to the movie. WHERE AS, PRODUCER wants the movie to be musical partially. WHERE AS, CREW wants script approval. WHERE†¦show more content†¦Ã‚ ¬ Display EVERY character’s emotion properly. CREW  ¬ SCRIPT ALTERATION.  ¬ SONGS approval.  ¬ Approval of ANIMATION and CHARACTER Design. 3. VALUE ADDING. AUTHOR: Future film adaptation offers. Bonus and Incentives based on a stated figure of success. Name would mentioned on the credit scene or start of the movie. Name would be on the movie cover and during the premiere. Best seat in the house during the premiere. PRODUCER: Get the first offer to make a film adaption of the author’s book in future for 5 years. Share the rights to the film and characters. Name would be on every cover and the first one to come up on the screenplay. Bonus and Revenue would be received. CREW: Have a share in the revenue. Bonuses would be received based on script adjustment i.e., few changes more bonus. Name should be on the credit scene. Would be invited to every premiere. 4. ASSIGNMENT. Unless this contract specifically provides otherwise, Producer may assign this contract and the Author’s services stated on this contract to any successor to Producer’s franchise or to other Producer in the industry. Author must report to the new assignee Producer promptly upon being informed of the assignment of this contract and will faithfully perform her services under this contract. The assignee Producer will pay Author’s necessary travelling and

Reading Autobiography Free Essays

Although I do not have many vivid memories of my childhood the few things I do recall from my early years mostly seem to focus around school and my academics and interactions with children my own age. It is nearly impossible to pinpoint when exactly it was that I began to read but it must have been somewhere around the end of kindergarten and the beginning of first grade. I didn’t attend preschool so up until kindergarten my primary interaction with others was in my first language, Spanish. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Autobiography or any similar topic only for you Order Now I can recall learning the alphabet and the sounds of all letters and I started to make out certain words like ‘see’ and ‘my’. The most influential person in the process of acquiring the skills I needed to read must have been an instructional assistant, Mr. Torres who would help me and other bilingual students regularly in the classroom. Of course the instruction by my teacher set the basis for my learning but the one on one help that he provided helped me make connections to my learning in Spanish and that made me feel very comfortable. The first books I began to read must have been simple stories that I came to memorize. Stories like The Gingerbread Man or Brown Bear that had repetitive lines were probably how I started to make connections with words, sounds and pronunciation of those words and sounds. Learning to read made me feel empowered and I remember wanting to read â€Å"big kids† books once I felt I was capable. Among my favorite types of books were scary chapter books like the series of Goosebumps as well as biographies of famous athletes. Among my least favorite must have been nonfiction and folktale because they never really managed to pull me in and I was always very skeptical about such fantasy. Unfortunately, this thrive to read did not last very long because I started to drift away from the constant practice of reading around the fifth grade and started seeing it more as an obligation rather than a choice. As a whole the literacy environment in my household was actually a very positive one and ever since I can recall my mom has always been a big reader and has many books and magazines throughout the house. All of her reading though was done in Spanish when I was growing up because as I was learning how to read my mom was learning the English language. My dad on the other hand has never been a big reader. Actually I can’t recall a time when I have seen him sit down and read something simply for leisure. I also had an older sister who was just a grade ahead of me in school and she has always been a bit of a bookworm and was constantly going through different books as we grew up. Even with all these things I think the language barrier influenced my detachment from reading. In my household we rarely spoke English, maybe if my mom and dad knew the language or were more comfortable with it they might have pushed me to read more or took the time to sit down and read to me. Come to think of it my mom would read to me but she would do it in Spanish and it was a bit boring for me. She would read common stories that I had already heard like the three little pigs or something of that sort and all I would gain out of this was amusement because the way things translated to me was funny. My mom did take us to the city Library and I remember going to story time or to some sort of show based on books. I remember seeing a magician and also petting a snake. As for having materials to read and write, there was always plenty throughout my house. My mom kept a full stock of pencil and paper as well as of books it was just a matter of me doing the actual work. She constantly asked me to explain to her what I was reading or writing for school but I always seemed to find a way to not spend too much time with it because all I wanted to do was play with the neighborhood kids or run off to soccer practice. In school the literacy environment was very positive as well and I remember how much time and dedication the faculty would place on reading and the development of reading skills. I can’t remember who formally taught me how to read but it must have been either Mrs. Diamond or Miss Falgot my first and second grade teachers, because by third grade I remember being able to read fluently. They used several different types of methods but I remember being read to very often by Miss Falgot. I do recall being placed in groups and having partners whom you read to and vice versa. I believe both Mrs. Diamond and Miss Falgot were key role players in my acquisition of reading skills and although I don’t recall specifics they did their job because by third grade I was at the top of my class. I do remember a particular case that had a bit of a negative effect on me in terms of reading. I remember being in either fourth or fifth grade reading as a class and the teacher called on me to read a paragraph. I don’t remember what I was thinking but I was not listening and wasn’t even on the right page, once I located it I got nervous and couldn’t even read. Luckily the teacher called on someone else but I felt horrible. As a class throughout elementary I remember visiting the library and running to the sport books section. The Library was so calm and always cool and I remembering going in there on hot summer days to get away and read a good book. The librarian I remember was always very sweet and she was very patient with all the students. As for literacy events the only thing that is clear in my mind is the book fairs that occurred maybe twice or three times a year. They were very fun and I remember they made even the boring books seem interesting. They set up all kinds of posters and it was something that I always looked forward to. As an adult I began to pick up old habits especially after I came into college. I can’t say I read a lot but I do find time to fit in a book every once in a while. I am still a big fan of autobiographies and I have recently developed a liking for books in Spanish. I usually read on the weekends when I am well rested and have slept in. I also like to go to parks and sit in the shade and enjoy a good book or story or even an interesting article. I think reading is very important and not only to help us expand our vocabulary or help us academically but when you read a good book you get a chance to escape your everyday and it gives you an insight into a story or a character in the way a TV or radio cannot. It captivates you and manages to get all of your attention but at the same time relaxes you. I think reading is something that should be taught to students but not just in order to help them academically but educators should also focus on showing the importance of literature in our lives and the positive way it influences our lives down the road something the media of today cannot manage to do. Writing equally should be not only taught for the purpose of education but in a way those students value it and continue to practice it even without a teacher pushing them to do so. How to cite Reading Autobiography, Papers

Essay on Change Example For Students

Essay on Change Needless to say, when a person decides to change something in life, he or she feels excited about it from the very beginning. However, one usually feels angry and initially treats suspiciously any changes that happen unexpectedly. Have you ever had such a feeling? When people do not ask for change, they concentrate only all negative aspects the change will bring on their lives. Unfortunately, such fear of change is common for many individuals. Because of this fact, many people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things. Nevertheless, trying to avoid changes, they do not even realize that they lose great opportunities the life prepares for them. The main features of such type of writing If you are assigned to write a paper on any change or similar topic, there are some basic rules you should take into account before the writing process. Any essay on change should concentrate on the primary idea that changes always make people move forwards. Â  Organize your thoughts before you start writing and create a list of reasons why it is worth to embrace changes. Later, you may use this list to build your main ideas. When you start writing your essay on change, concentrate on the structure of your paper. Make sure that it has a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and well-built conclusion. In your introduction, you may generally write what change means to different people and how it shapes one’s life in many different ways. Write the thesis statement that will effectively reflect your points you will discuss in the body paragraph and will strengthen your idea that change is always for good. In your body paragraph, you may explain the primary reasons why people are usually afraid of chance. You may include such reasons as the fear of what other individuals will say, the fear of being rejected, or the innate psychological fear of uncertainty. Also, you can provide a piece of evidence to prove your arguments why any change is always for better. You may mention a few examples of how changes in the life of successful people contributed to their well-being and made them whom they are now. Then, present a list of benefits that will happen to those who are open to changes. For example, you may write about how embracing changes a person is able to adapt to any conditions of life much easier. You may explain that even though it seems that there are no positive aspects about a change, the benefits will become apparent only in the future. Any change possesses a possibility for a person to start everything from a new page. In fact, changes relating to travel, education, or new job opportunities always broaden ones mind and help a person a lot of valuable things. Besides, it was proved that those individuals who have ever experienced big changes in their lives better understand other individuals feelings. Hence, change not only contributes to ones identity but also improves social aspect. Also, you may write one paragraph of contrast to present how those individuals who endlessly avoid changes feel. Life is so unexpected that it is impossible to avoid all changes. Hence, those individuals who used to avoid changes may endlessly suffer from a nervous breakdown. This fact jeopardizes not only their health and well-being but also ones mental health. Writing the conclusion, provide a coherent summary of why it is so important to embrace changes. Emphasize once more that change is an indispensable part of our everyday lives, and accepting change without fear one will be able to tackle it much easier than those who try to avoid it. .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec , .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec .postImageUrl , .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec , .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec:hover , .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec:visited , .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec:active { border:0!important; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec:active , .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc55fafd8666eafd37fbb601c7b774aec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin luther king jr. 5 Essay

Oedipus the King and Antigone free essay sample

Oedipus the King and Antigone were not written in chronological order of events within the stories; Antigone is actually the last play. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus has fathered four children with his wife who is also his mother. Oedipus has killed his father just as it was prophesized. Oedipus is banished from the city and Creon is now the ruler. In the beginning of Antigone, it is relayed that Antigone, along with her sister Ismene, are the sole surviving children of Oedipus. Their brothers, Polyneices and Eteocles, have recently been killed in a battle where they fought on opposing sides. This essay will identify the binary oppositions within the two plays. According to Corey Marvin, binary oppositions simply describe a pair of theoretical opposites or thematic contrasts (1). Binary oppositions are prevalent throughout the play including blindness versus sight, male versus female, and ignorance versus wisdom. Sophocles was the second of three ancient Greek tragedians whose work has survived. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus the King and Antigone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most famous of Sophocles tragedies are Oedipus and Antigone, which are known as the Theban plays. Sophocles was a, fifth -century Athenian prided himself on the fact that he was a fully responsible and active citizen (Knox 25). Sophocles was greatly involved in political issues within his city. As a man, Sophocles was awarded this luxury; woman however were excluded from the operations of democracy, and were not involved in any of the acknowledged fields of cultural productions (Blundell 97). Women were not offered the same experiences as men within that time. Antigone written around the end of the Persian war, reflects the lack of status women had in the Greek society (Knox 27). Womens opinions did not matter, especially in political affairs. They were viewed as a mans possession. Blundell describes the role women had within the classical age: Women, were excluded from the operations of democracy, and were not involved in any of the acknowledge fields of cultural production (97). Greek society did not value women; they were not included in decisions or political issues.Another play Sophocles wrote is Oedipus the King. Sophocles story of Oedipus is parallel to the Peloponnesian War. Oedipus a strong, intelligent man is ultimately his own destroyer (Knox 131). Oedipus and the Athens are parallel in a sense they both are their own destroyer. Oedipus persistence and Athens greed is what ultimately destroy both. Athens lost the Peloponnesian war to the Spartans. As Knox states, Oedipus tracks down and identifies the criminal – who turns out to be himself (131). Oedipus and Athens persistence to knowledge and persistence to conquer is their demise.The prominent binary opposition in Oedipus the King is blindness versus sight. Blindness versus sight in the play Oedipus the King is prevalent throughout the play. As Knox points out,The voice of destiny in the play is the Oracle of Apollo.Through his priest at Delphi, Apollo told Laius that he would bekilled by his own son, and later told Oedipus that he would kill hishis father and marry his mother. At the beginning of the playApollo tells Creon that Thebes will be saved from the plague onlywhen the murderer of Laius is found and expelled. This Delphicoracle, which for modern poets- Yeats, for example-can con-jure up mystic romantic visions, was, for Sophocles and hisaudience, a fact of life, an institution as present and solidas uncompromising (and sometimes infuriating) as the Vatican is forus. (134-135)This is the prophecy that Oedipus was given by the oracle. The oracle in those days was equivalent to the Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic church, consisting of the Pope and the Roman Curia. The Oracle is as important as the Pope is to Catholics. Tiresias is a blind prophet that foretells the future. Oedipus who went to visit Tiresias to seek help for his city is told the sad news; he is the murderer he seeks (413) Oedipus who can see, is unable to recognize that he himself has fulfilled the prophecy that has caused the plague within the city. Oedipus does not put together that he in fact murdered his father and married his mother. Oedipus starts to criticize Tiresias and mock his blindness: You lost your power stone-blind stone-deaf – senses, eyes blind as stone! (420-422) Oedipus believes that Tiresias is not a true Oracle who can see the future. Oedipus continues to insult Tiresias for his blindness calling him a fraud. (443) Tiresias responds to Oedipus, So you mock my blindness? Let me tell you this. You wish your precious eyes, youre blind to the corruption of your life, to the house you live in. Those you live with- who are your parents? Do you know? (468-473) Tiresias is telling Oedipus he does not know who he is, what he has done and who he is living with. Although Tiresias is blind, he sees the truth of Oedipus life. Oedipus who can see is ultimately blind to the truth.Another binary opposition is man versus woman. Antigone, one of the surviving daughters of Oedipus, is a rebellious woman. Antigone does not fit the mold of what a woman should be in those days: Women are expected to be domestic creatures, submissive, peaceful and instruments rather than the initiators of action (Barlow 160). Antigone is not submissive; she challenges authority. She is not an instrument, she speaks her mind, and is a woman of action. Ismene, Antigones sister, Ismene reminds her, Remember we are women, were not born to contend with men (74-75). Antigone has no remorse for defying the roles of women. Antigones brothers died in a battle against each other and only one is given a burial. Eteocles has been given full military honors (28). Polynices, who died miserably is left unwept, unburied, a lovely treasure for birds that scan the field and feast to their hearts content (31-35). One brother is buried while the other is left unburied and not honored. Antigone is not happy with this and vows to give her brother Polynices a burial. Her defiance is not what a woman is expected to do. Just as the Athenian woman, Antigone has no independent existence (Blundell 114). Antigone is not of value to Creon; he describes her as, a worthless woman for his son (644). Antigone is just a symbol of what her husband is; she is not seen as an individual but as a possession of a man.Men are held to be adventurous, dominant, and to be agents of action (Barlow 160). Haemon, Antigones husband is being told by his father, Creon, that his wife is a worthless woman. Haemon will not listen to his father and is fighting for his bride. Haemon is now viewed as a, womans slave (848) by his father Creon. Antigone and her husband Haemon do not fit the mold of what a woman and a man are in Ancient Greek society.Ignorance versus wisdom in Oedipus the King is another recognizable binary opposition. In the beginning of the play, Oedipus is viewed as having wisdom. Oedipus is able to solve the riddle of the Sphinx. Oedipus claim, the flight of my own intelligence hit the mark (453), he says, as he recalls his solution of the riddle of the Sphinx. (Knox 139) Oedipus views himself as an intelligent man who has wisdom. As the play continues Oedipus down fall is his persistence to find Laiuss murderer. Oedipus is ignorant to the fact he is the murderer. He proceeds to curse the murder, Whoever he is, a lone man unknow in his crime or one among many, let that man drag out his life in agony. (280) Oedipus has just cursed his self as well as his family. Creon in this play, is seen as having wisdom. Creon hints to Oedipus, this matter should be kept under wraps, to send for Tiresias, to pronounce the curse and sentence of banishment on the murderer of Laius. (Knox 140) Creon having the insight that Oedipus so blindly can not see is trying to advice the once intelligent king on what he should do. Oedipus learns of his ignorance when he realizes he has full filled the prophecy, murdering his father and marring his mother. (470-480) Tiresias may be blind but Apollo has gifted him with the power to see internally. Tiresias tells Oedipus the prophecy he foresees but Oedipus is too ignorant to listen. As Knox describes Oedipus as a persistent, courageous, and a hero of the play is thus his own destroyer. (131) Oedipus who the reader view as having wisdom is overcome by his arrogance and cockiness is essentially his own worse enemy.As we read Antigone the binary opposition of wisdom versus ignorance is seen within Creon, Tiresias, and Haemon. Creon is depicted as ignorant, which is the opposite of how he was portrayed in the play Oedipus the King. Haemon who is Creons son is depicted as having wisdom. Haemon advises his father, only the gods endow a man with reason. The finest of all their gifts, a treasure. Who ever thinks that he alone possesses intelligence the gift of eloquences, he an no one else and character too†¦ such men, its no disgrace for a man, even a wise man to learn many things and not to be too rigid. (765-796) Haemon is trying to tell his father Creon that it is not frowned upon to learn new things, and to admit he may have made a hasty decision and reverse it. Haemon desperately wants his father Creon to grow as a leader. Creon, a stubborn, king sees his sons words of wisdom as a challenge of his leadership and role as a king. Creon states, the city is the kings—thats the law! (825) Creon is asserting his dominance over Haemon. Haemon quickly reminds his father a king needs a city to rule. At the end of the play the Kings stubbornness and will to insert his dominance has lost his family. Creon was ignorant to think his actions would have no repercussions with his family. Although Haemon was viewed as just a boy, he had the ability to see what was best for the city giving him the wisdom as equivalent to an older man. Creon once viewed as a wise king, shows the world that of all the ills afflicting men the worst is lack of judgement. (123. 1371-1372) Creons son Haemon has committed suicide by falling unto his blade for the killing of his soon to be bride Antigone. Creons lack of judgement ultimately leads to the death of his son and his wife.Oedipus the King and Antigone are two Sophocles surviving plays of the Theban sage. Binary oppositions are prevalent throughout the play including blindness versus sight, male versus female and ignorance versus wisdom. Antigone reflects male versus female role within the play. Antigone is not a typical Greek woman and rebels against the stereotype of what a woman should be. Oedipus the King highlights the binary opposition of blindness versus sight. Oedipus a man who can physically see, is blind to the destruction he has created in his life. Tiresias, who is physically blind can see the truth of Oedipus life. Antigone and Oedipus the King both contain the binary oppositions of ignorance versus wisdom. In conclusion both plays possess binary oppositions within.Works CitedBarlow, Shirley A Stereotype and Reversal in Euripides Medea. Greece Rome, secondseries, vol 36, no 2, 1989, pp. 158-171.Blundell, Sue Women in Ancient Greece UP, 1995.Knox Bernard. Greece and the Theater. The Three Theban Plays. Antigone, Oedipus the King Oedipus at Colonus. By Sophocles, translated by Robert Fagles, Penguin,1984, pp 13-30Marvin, Corey. Understanding Binary Oppositions in Literature, Class handout: English 102. Cerro Coso Community College, 2018. Print.Sophocles, Antigone The Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus,Translated by Robert Fagles, Penguin,1989, pp. 59-128

Education Era Essay Example

Education Era Essay Example Education Era Essay Education Era Essay Eras and Periods in U.S. Education The Colonial Period Major event: 1762 Rousseau publishes Lâ„ ¢Emile ou de lâ„ ¢education introducing humanistic philosophy into education. Johann Pestalozzi puts the theory into practice. The Early National Period Major event:1779 â€Å" Jefferson proposes the establishment of common schools through a bill that would provide all children with 3 years of free education. The Common School Movement Major event: 1821 â€Å" Boston establishes the first public high school to remedy the inadequacies of an elementary school only education for children that could not afford the private academies. The Progressive Era Major event: 1895 â€Å" First achievement test devised. Joseph Rice devised a test designed to be standardized for eight grade students. The Modern Era Major event: 1965 â€Å" Elementary and Secondary Education Act â€Å" Authorizes school grants for children from low-income families, funding resources, materials and training. The events I have selected collectively reflect a movement aimed at bringing education, especially higher level education, to all people regardless of their financial abilities. Of all the events I have chosen, I believe the most significant to be the 1821 establishment of the first public high school. The significance of this event is in the purpose behind it. The high school was established not only to bring higher level education to those that could not afford the private academies, but also to provide a higher quality education. In fact it was the inadequate quality of the public education that triggered the establishment of this school. When Jefferson signed into law the bill that established 3 years of public funding for all children, the focus was on the funding and ensuring that education was available to all children. This was a wonderful step forward because it made education available to those that previously could not afford it. However the bill lacked the establish ment of requirements for the education being funded. Standardized testing such as the spelling test devised by Joseph Rice is focused on ensuring that students are learning what the education system and itâ„ ¢s curriculum has set out to teach. This too was needed however the test must be aligned with a quality curriculum. Therefore, I see the first public high school as a major step forward in education because not only was higher education then available to all, additionally the school exemplified the importance of the quality of public education as well. It effectively created a model not only for modern high schools but I would venture to say a model also for public universities.

Top 7 Mistakes You Didn’t Know You Were Making on LinkedIn®

Top 7 Mistakes You Didn’t Know You Were Making on LinkedIn ® It’s July 2014! For me, The Essay Expert, this month marks the 2nd full year that How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn ® Profile has been trending as #1 in Amazon’s Business Writing Category. I continue to be very excited about being a best-selling author- and I’m looking forward to my DreamBank presentation on how I got here, coming up on Thursday July 17! Part of what’s contributed to the success of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn ® Profile is that I keep updating it with new information and tips. In honor of the book’s anniversary as #1, I thought I’d let you in on some of the mistakes that even the most advanced LinkedIn ® users might be making. These are not the ones you see in all the Top 10 lists out on the internet! 1) Giving up on connecting with the right people What do you do when you do an Advanced search for people on LinkedIn ®, get the perfect result, and then run into something like this? With the above contact, I searched on the keyword venture capital, however, there was no connect button and no way to send him anything but InMail, and LinkedIn ® wanted me to upgrade in order to see his profile. Thankfully, when this happens to you, you have two top secret options  to view someones profile even if LinkedIn ® tries to block you. Option A: This  workaround will allow you to connect with anyone on LinkedIn ® as long as you can view their headline. First, copy the persons  first name, last initial and headline into a Google search box and the result that shows up in Google will include  the full name: Check it out! The LinkedIn ® member’s full name shows up and you dont have to upgrade! Clicked on the link and heres  what appears: Notice the  Connect button? By clicking on Connect, you  can write a brief note to the member and start up a conversation with an invitation request. If the person  accepts, you  will be able to see his or her  full profile – without purchasing a premium account. Option B: Another top secret trick for when all else fails is to share a persons  profile. Heres how: First, contact a friend or family member and tell them you will be sending them a message via LinkedIn ®. Then, select the People option from the search bar drop down menu: You will likely not have access to the individuals full name, so if you already know who you want to connect with, try typing their first name and job title into the search bar. Or if you just want to connect with several supply chain managers, type in supply chain manager and you will return a full list of people with the same identifying information. Then scroll to find your desired connection, hover over the drop down arrow to the right of the Send InMail button, and select Share: Send your message, then check your sent messages and youll see there is a link to the profile you just shared. Click on the link and you will be able to read the entire profile and contact the person! Yes it’s kind of like magic. 2) Leaving keywords out of your job titles Pretty much everyone knows that keywords are a must in your LinkedIn ® headline. But not everyone realizes the importance of keywords in your job titles. Don’t get limited in your job title fields by entering your actual job title and nothing else. There’s nothing wrong with a job title, but you have 100 characters to use in those fields. So use them! Any keywords you have identified for your headline will benefit you in the job title fields as well; you will get extra mileage by repeating your keywords as much as is appropriate. Example #1 Before: Vice President Human Resources After: Vice President Human Resources | Director of Human Resources | HR Generalist Example #2 Before: Director of Engineering After: Director of Engineering  ½ Technology Development Manager  ½Biomedical Engineer Example #3 Before: Health Wellness Educator After: Health Wellness Educator ? Corporate Wellness Program and Holistic Health Services Take a look at your job titles. Are yours optimized for LinkedIn ® SEO? If not, go add some keywords! 3) â€Å"Appending† your Specialties to your Summary when prompted If you are a long-time LinkedIn ® user, you might still have a separate Specialties section. You’ll know you have this section if you go to your Edit Summary page and it looks like this: If you see the message in blue prompting you to â€Å"Append specialties to summary,† DON’T CLICK! If you do, you will lose out on 500 characters’ worth of keywords or have to cut down your Summary section to add them; and once you delete your Specialties section you won’t be able to add it back. If you do not have a separate Specialties section, not to worry. You can still use your Summary section to include keywords for searchability in LinkedIn ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Advanced Search function. You can create a â€Å"mock† specialties section within the Summary simply by typing the word â€Å"Specialties† and following it with a keyword list; or you can integrate your keywords into your Summary paragraphs. 4) Ignoring the Jobs features LinkedIn ® is pretty much THE place to find a job in today’s marketplace. If you are a company, you need to be advertising job openings there. If you are a job seeker, you need to be looking for jobs there DAILY. The most obvious place way to post and seek jobs is through the Jobs tab. Just by clicking on Jobs, you’ll be given a list of jobs that match the keywords in your profile. But you’ll probably prefer to use the Advanced Search function to find jobs in the geographic area(s) and with the job title(s) that interest you. Here’s a sample search result: You can save your searches to make it easy to get the latest postings for the jobs you want. And you can apply right from the LinkedIn ® site. It costs $195 to post a job for 30 days on LinkedIn ®, and if you use this feature you are likely to get matched with very desirable candidates. If you don’t have the budget to post a job officially, consider posting it in the Jobs Discussions within LinkedIn ® groups. You won’t get the same exposure as you would if you posted to Jobs, but some savvy job seekers do look in the Jobs Discussions for openings. Be sure to post any Jobs Discussions in groups where your target market will be members. 5) Not leveraging the Find Alumni feature We humans get downright silly when it comes to Alumni connections. Perhaps the only thing we are more loyal to than our college is our sports teams. We just trust and love anyone who went to our own college way more than we do anyone else. Therefore, if you are not using the Find Alumni tool on LinkedIn ®, you are missing out on getting some seriously preferential treatment. The feature is located under the Network tab. Use it to find alumni from your own college or high school, or even from other schools. Then send some messages to these folks. They will want to help you! For more on how to leverage this great tool, see The Best Way to Network with Alumni on LinkedIn on the LinkedIn ® Official Blog. 6) Using symbols and formatting that doesn’t translate The symbols and formatting accepted by LinkedIn ® change every day. Pay attention! When you copy any text into your LinkedIn ® profile, check to see if it looks the way you want it to look before making it public! Hint: If you see a formatting trick or symbol you like in someone else’s profile, you can easily and reliably copy and paste it into yours. 7) Keeping it on line Too many people think that having a LinkedIn ® profile and having online conversations is sufficient to build a network and get results. It’s not. The people I’ve given and gotten the most value through LinkedIn ® are the people I’ve spoken with on the phone or met in person. Next time you make a new connection on LinkedIn ®, how about picking up the phone and talking to them? Or, if you’re traveling to any city, see who in your network you can meet for coffee. I have met LinkedIn ® connections when traveling to Chicago, Austin, San Francisco and more. These connections that have led to opportunities to make presentations and build my business in various ways. People like to meet people. Don’t forget that there is a human being behind every LinkedIn ® profile †¦ and chances are every one of them has a telephone and goes out for coffee dates. Go meet them! If you learned something from this article – or have another tip you want to share – please comment below! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinJuly 7, 2014 5 Comments Marina says: July 7, 2014 at 10:35 pm Thanks so much for the brilliant hints, Brenda! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 7, 2014 at 10:42 pm Youre welcome Marina! Let me know if you implement any of them! Log in to Reply Jean B says: July 8, 2014 at 6:20 am Congrats, Brenda! Great information here Log in to Reply Scott says: July 8, 2014 at 11:24 am Brenda, it is an awesome and impressive achievement to be on Amazons best seller list for two years. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 8, 2014 at 4:16 pm Thanks Scott! You helped make it happen! Log in to Reply

The software process models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The software process models - Essay Example The requirements are based on system functionalities and roles and so would not undergo any change with time. b) The requirement capturing process for the user interface is an on-going process as a few of the requirements are subjected to change with availability of measures such as skill level of users, type of interface access methodologies, compliance with technological advancements, etc. The model is generally used in small, simple throwaway projects with output as short lived demos, proof-of-concept or prototypes. No separate planning, risk assessment, designing, building, testing phases are required. The administrative system in AILS requires thorough gathering of requirements, understanding the working of existing processes and workflows and data accessing details for integration with the interface which the model fails to provide. For the user interface however, the model can be used the requirement of gaining user satisfaction. Interface can be made and tested; missing or ambiguous portions can be identified and fixed in the next build till a workable interface is achieved. In the AILS administrative system, the requirements necessitate the need of completely capturing of fixed requirements and functionalities to produce a complete product as deliverable. Therefore, the model seems to be appropriate for the task. Spiral model employs risk management approach, an essential requirement in the large mission-critical projects, where reusable, high quality versions of software are delivered before the requirements change again. For the user interface, applying the model would produce a workable solution but with an overhead of unnecessary risk analysis. User interface is not a critical task and therefore does not require extensive risk analysis. For the user interface, the model can be applied owing to the varying scope and requirements. An initial role based interface, accessing data may be developed and tested.

Accounting II Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Accounting II - Article Example Such an individual promotes mediocrity in what they achieve as well as mediocrity in other individuals’ ability to achieve. A low EQ actually causes one to feel belittled, unworthy and inefficient. One example of a high EQ individual is my lecturer who is able to make every student’s response seem like gold or of Albert Einstein’s quality. On the other hand, an example of a low EQ individual would be my boss who constantly derides my every action and attempts to be excellent. I am left with the notion that it is impossible to achieve anything of substance. I believe that a high EQ can certainly help one’s personal and professional work. Likewise a low EQ can hinder one’s ability to progress. Firstly, a high EQ will cause one to relate at an optimum level with oneself as well as with others. Thus, one’s perception of self will improve to such an extent that others will want to be in the presence of such an individual. Similarly, a low EQ would cloud one’s ability to clearly accept oneself. Consequently, inability to objectively accept self will interfere with one’s ability to understand and relate to others. EQ therefore will affect both personal and professional life because one does not live in a vacuum. What affects one area of life will disperse to the other

Work based on the experimental cycle testing Newtons Essay Example for Free

Work based on the experimental cycle testing Newtons Essay Introduction: For this piece of coursework I have chosen to look at the laws of impact on a pool table. This will involve making initial assumption that will be made from inspection of the model and experience in playing the game. With these assumptions in mind I will carry out an experiment on the table to justify or correct my assumptions. After a clear understanding of the reality of the model I will attempt to compile a few practical points that will improve the performance of the player when they are playing in the specific environment that is being modelled. The models environment: There are many shots that can be played on the pool table that require different aspects of skill. The specific environment that I will be testing is the snookered shot. This means there is a ball between the cue ball and my colour (red). One of the options I have is to rebound the shot off the cushion and hit the ball. This would normally require experience in order to be accurate enough to hit the cushion in the right place. The model I will be testing will help the play know where to hit the cushion in order to hit the red ball. The elasticity of the cushion and the velocity of the ball are variables when determining the impulse from the cushion on the ball, this will affect the angle on the cushion. Assumptions: Due to my experience with playing pool I have formulated a few important factors for the experiement. I will start by looking at the constants these include velocity, which will remain the same through out the experiment. The next is the momentum, which will be treated as having been conserved and not lost in the collision with the cushion. These two points will allow me to use a basic model that uses only the knowledge I have acquired. In addition to this I will exclude the effect of sliding or spin on the ball, the motion of this is too difficult for me to model. The model: Newtons laws of impacts state that the initial speeds U1 and U2 collide so that final speeds V1 and V2 are produced under the effect of the coefficient of restitution. This can be written as: (e is the coefficient of restitution) This is the same as writing: This can be changed into component form to show the following: Parallel the cushion component   Momentum is conserved. Perpendicular to the cushion component. By showing the perpendicular component in comparison to the parallel component a final model is produced. With this model I can use the pool table to find the both angles with out using velocities or momentums. Predictions: By using this model I will take a value for the coefficient restitution as 0. 8. This value was acquired from a web site called www. gamasutra. com/features/20000516/lander_pfv. htm, which was about making a computer model of the pool game. The site was demonstrating the effect spin would have on the ball in the computer game. Below are the results from using the model. From inspection all the values for ?are less than ? by an average of 4. 5 degrees. This shows the effect the coefficient of friction and the elasticity of the cushions on the table. Method: The first part to the method was to collect the correct apparatus. This included finding a ramp to launch the ball each time. This is more suitable that a cue because I could keep the velocity constant with the ramp. No ramp existed for launching snooker balls so I made one using a mudguard mounted on a wood frame. The ramp was made so that the ball rolled down the rims of the guard so that it did not hit the screw fixing along the centre of the mudguard seen in the picture. The ramp was modified so that just before the end of the ramp the rims were made wider so that the ball was released on to the surface without bouncing. The ramp was tested before the experiment so see if it was accurate enough to hit the same point consistently, which it achieved. The ramp also considered the height the ball was released every launch by a notch at the top of the ramp. (see picture) The ball was held at the top of the ramp by a single figure holding the centre of the ball, this reduced spin on the ball when travelling down the slope. The same ball was used every launch to eliminate variables. The ramp was positioned on the surface so that it was always the same distance for a marked point on the cushion. The ramp was moved along this perimeter to change the angle of approach. To position the ramp I used trigonometry using the lengths of two cushions. Below is an example of the calculations required to put the ramp in the exact place. This value was then measured up the black line on the diagram above and traced onto the perimeter of the cushion points semi circle. This method was accurate but as the angle increased the ramp was moved closer to the cushion opposite the marker point. This meant the table was too narrow to continue readings, so I had to change the adjacent length to allow the readings to continue. When the ramp was correctly lined up, which was done by trial and improvement of rolling balls down the ramp, I ran the test three times to get an average. Each run of the experiment measured the distance from the cushion to the perpendicular cushion where the ball had hit. This was then processed in the same way but the opposite way round. This was then repeated for all the angles between 10? and 90?. All the readings taken were measured to the nearest 0. 5 of a cm. This has been taken into consideration in the table of results. The pictures show the markings in chalk on the table. The picture to the left has the 50? , 70? and 90? markings on it. Results: This table continues to show the coefficient of restitution as a result from comparing the two angles. These values for the coefficient of restitution varied from 0. 5495 to 0. 7535, which showed that the collisions were not constant. This is down to either inconstancies in launching the ball or different frictional values along the balls path that could cause spin. Before I analyse the results more carefully I will point out the values in the table that I think are the most reliable. The values include 0. 7062, 0. 7277 and 0. 7535; these are taken from the angles ranging between 50? , 60? and 70?. At these angles the collision between the ball and the cushion is more consistent and there is less component force parallel to the cushion to make the ball slide through the mark on the cushion. The graph shows the upper and lower bound for the coefficient of restitution, it was necessary to include the upper and lower bounds due to the inaccuracies of the measured angles. The lengths were measured to the nearest millimetre. The prediction stated that the coefficient of restitution should be constant at 0. 8. The results show that the coefficient never reaches this level so there is clearly a factor that needs explaining. The difference is probably because of the frictional effect on the ball and a variation of spin on the ball as it rolled down the ramp. Also there would have been slight inconsistencies in my method due to human inaccuracy. Corrections On review of the method I have found that the I have translated the model into my method with a small mistake. The angles that I initially measured were measuring from the wrong point on the ball. The trig method I used meant the balls centre had to hit the cushion; instead it was the surface of the ball. To correct this mistake I had to look at the diameter of the ball and decrease the according lengths. The balls diameter was 52 mm so this meant I had to decrease the two measurements perpendicular to the cushion. These were D1 and D2, the table below shows the corrections made followed by the corrected graph. These corrections changed the angles of ? so that the smaller angles got smaller and larger angles stayed the same. This had the effect of deducing the coefficient of restitution for the smaller angles but not for the larger angles. This is why the corrected graph starts lower and then maps onto the original graph. As well as the variation due to human inaccuracy in measuring shown above there are other forms of variation that affected my results, these were spin and sliding. The effect of these is too complicated so I have explained them and drawn diagrams to give an idea. Both of these could have changed the results by an unknown amount. Due to personal experience of the game it is usually for the ball to slide more along the cushion at smaller angles, this could be because of friction and would explain the difference between my results and the predictions. On the diagram is shown the ball sliding through the mark. The ball is supposed to hit the black mark, but instead hits at the red mark and rolls along the cushion to leave at the light green mark. Concise points for improving the players games * With small angles of attack the player must realize that the ball will be at a higher chance of experiencing sliding so will depart the collision at a smaller angle. * For high angles of attack the angle of departure will be slightly under the angle of approach. Evaluation To improve this experiment to get the best possible results from it think the introduction of a video camera could help position the ball on the cushion. This would work by having a measure attached to the side of the table and then video taping the balls cushion with the cushions. This would give more accurate marks. To reduce spin on the ball I would add a rubber surface to the ramp to ensure the ball had to roll down the slope and not spin or slide. This would set the ball rolling and so the points where the ball collided would be more accurate. The predictions came from a source off the Internet and they might not be the correct for the pool table I used. The predicted coefficient was an average for most pool tables, but really in order to evaluate this method I need the accurate coefficient for my table. This could be found by using light gates to measure the speed of the ball off the ramp and after the collision with the cushion. The speed of departure over the speed of approach would have given me the correct coefficient to compare to my results. Overall the correlation between the predicted results and my results is very bad, this means that my model is very basic and does not look at the effects on the table, such as spin and sliding. The model comparison has show me the effect of the certain variables and hopefully will improve my future games. Mechanics 2 Coursework James Ashley-Smith.

Liberal Equality Essay -- Political Science

Throughout the ages, the principles of equality and liberty have been a subject of great disputes. Liberal minimalism [1] holds a distinct outlook in the explicit implications of these expressions. For a minimalist democracy must strive to primary reduce control of authoritarian power through restraining most if not all constraints to the individual, allowing them to dictate their own lives by implementing a representative government. In addition, it implements an equal, consistent, and indiscriminate regulation. Thus effectively preventing tyranny, and creating equality before the law, irrelevant to the citizen’s position, which denies high ranking individuals legal advantages seen during the feudal era. Accordingly, the rule of law comes across to liberals as their greatest triumph, for they perceive it as the lawful representation of equality and liberty. There are numerous critics of the liberal minimalist interpretation of equality and social liberty before the law. Such as inequalities of opportunity, and material inequality which results in exploitation. However, liberals will reject â€Å"to impose upon the public a consciously selected model of distribution, whether it promotes equality or of inequality.†[2] Numerous critics agree that capitalism in the liberal minimalist model does not depict true equality and thus is problematic. Critics such as Sherman dispute that it produces "formal equality, such as civil rights, yet presents actual ongoing inequality for employees (Sherman, 1990)[3]. Nevertheless, despite the fact that liberals may possibly appear to support significant material equity, they will be cautious of forcefully creating this result through authoritarianism on the basis of their belief.[4] The reduced goal... ...27 11, Cohen G, 1989, Labor and Freedom, Oxford University Press, Oxford 12, (Marx, economic and philosophical manuscripts, p.120-31, Ollman, 1971). 13 Friedman M, 1962, Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago University Press 14 Frank R. and Cook P, 1996, The Winner-Take-All Society, Penguin press, New York: Penguin 15 Graham G, 2006, Postcapitalist Politics, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis 16 Street, P. Capitalism and Democracy "Don't Mix Very Well", February, 2000. 17 Rothbart M, 1998, The Ethics of Liberty: chp 14, Children and Rights,. New York University press, New York 18 Hayek F, 1994, The Road to Serfdom, Chicago University press, Chicago 19 Hayek F, 1994, The Road to Serfdom, Chicago University press, Chicago 20 Hayek F, 1994, The Road to Serfdom, Chicago University press, Chicago Liberal Equality Essay -- Political Science Throughout the ages, the principles of equality and liberty have been a subject of great disputes. Liberal minimalism [1] holds a distinct outlook in the explicit implications of these expressions. For a minimalist democracy must strive to primary reduce control of authoritarian power through restraining most if not all constraints to the individual, allowing them to dictate their own lives by implementing a representative government. In addition, it implements an equal, consistent, and indiscriminate regulation. Thus effectively preventing tyranny, and creating equality before the law, irrelevant to the citizen’s position, which denies high ranking individuals legal advantages seen during the feudal era. Accordingly, the rule of law comes across to liberals as their greatest triumph, for they perceive it as the lawful representation of equality and liberty. There are numerous critics of the liberal minimalist interpretation of equality and social liberty before the law. Such as inequalities of opportunity, and material inequality which results in exploitation. However, liberals will reject â€Å"to impose upon the public a consciously selected model of distribution, whether it promotes equality or of inequality.†[2] Numerous critics agree that capitalism in the liberal minimalist model does not depict true equality and thus is problematic. Critics such as Sherman dispute that it produces "formal equality, such as civil rights, yet presents actual ongoing inequality for employees (Sherman, 1990)[3]. Nevertheless, despite the fact that liberals may possibly appear to support significant material equity, they will be cautious of forcefully creating this result through authoritarianism on the basis of their belief.[4] The reduced goal... ...27 11, Cohen G, 1989, Labor and Freedom, Oxford University Press, Oxford 12, (Marx, economic and philosophical manuscripts, p.120-31, Ollman, 1971). 13 Friedman M, 1962, Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago University Press 14 Frank R. and Cook P, 1996, The Winner-Take-All Society, Penguin press, New York: Penguin 15 Graham G, 2006, Postcapitalist Politics, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis 16 Street, P. Capitalism and Democracy "Don't Mix Very Well", February, 2000. 17 Rothbart M, 1998, The Ethics of Liberty: chp 14, Children and Rights,. New York University press, New York 18 Hayek F, 1994, The Road to Serfdom, Chicago University press, Chicago 19 Hayek F, 1994, The Road to Serfdom, Chicago University press, Chicago 20 Hayek F, 1994, The Road to Serfdom, Chicago University press, Chicago

Exams Should Be Abolished Essay

Exams – a word that many students dread to hear, a word that many students fear of, a word that seems to have the magical power to transform a happy and cheerful person into a frustrated and nervous wreck. What are exams and should they been done away with entirely? Exams are longer and more comprehensive versions of tests held every term. Initially created to monitor and check how a student was performing academically, they now have so much more pressure on them that students are burning the midnight oil to study for an exam. This results in some students becoming ill due to stress and lack of sleep. They have become more and more stressful and, even worse, a constriction to the ideal of learning. It is a well known fact that when it comes to exams, students compete, not only with themselves, but with other students. They no longer want to see an increase in their knowledge, but want to beat other people to the top of the class. Even parents take exams as a race to see whose children are more intelligent. Read more: If There Were No Exams Students shouldn’t be judged on their performance on one day when they might be ill. The exams might not be completely representative of the student’s skills as everyone can have a bad day. They are a poor method of assessment as they don’t reflect the use of knowledge in a practical environment. They don’t reflect how well you’ll be able to use your knowledge in real world occupations. Many successful individuals are bad at exams but can perform well under other methods of assessment such as essays and oral presentations which still prepare students in coping with pressure. Some people would argue that exams are not a fair assessment of intelligence and aren’t favourable to those with poor memory skills, those who suffer under pressure, and those who get so nervous in such situations that they shut down in exams. It’s  very easy to know content but to completely fail an exam because you are nervous. They aren’t an accurate representation of a student’s knowledge as some people are just better at taking exams than others. If you happen to mess up in your exams due to stress or panic then your goals can disintegrate leaving you unable to reach your full potential and having to settle for second best.

Motivation case study Essay

When i ï ¬ rst heard that the manger assigned me to be the lead the Customer Relations team i was very happy. but when start to work there i found some motivation issue with the section. as we all know the motivation is the most important thing in the work environment, and the real challenge is to keep your employees always motivated. So i did so research about the best strategy and approach to use and her the result. Applying the same strategies you use with all of your employees won’t be as productive or eï ¬â‚¬ective withe every one, so we have to know what is the suitable theory and approach for each group. you have to keep the enthusiastic and motivated employees and improve their performance. in this case the most eï ¬â‚¬ected theory will be Goal setting theory. the research showed that there are a strong relationship between how speciï ¬ c and diï ¬Æ'cult was the goal and the people’s performance at the mission. And thus the more diï ¬Æ'cult and challenging are the tasks, they will have a higher rate of performance. This is What the goal setting theory all about. to achieve the best result from this theory, the goal must have ï ¬ ve principle: clear, challenging goals and commit the employees to achieving them. Provide feedback on goal performance, considerate the complexity of the task. if we apply this theory in this group of employees the overall performance will improve, because there always be some task and goal to achieve and that will keep them enthusiastic and motivated. In addition, we can apply the Job enlargement Approach and add more variety to there work by tasks. To understand the unenthusiastic and obstinate employees of your ï ¬ rm and make  them more eï ¬Æ'ciency and productivity in there performance you ï ¬ rst have to understand there needs and motivation of work. this is fundamental part between the leader and the employees (emotional control), because when the follower known that the leader is looking after them they will give their best in return. For this group of employees the best theory will be (Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory). Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory Published by psychologist Abraham Maslow. † this theory contends that as humans strive to meet our most basic needs, we also seek to satisfy a higher set of needs†. Maslow presents this set of needs as a hierarchy, consisting of: Physiological, Safety, Love, Self-esteem, Self-actualization. This theory will eï ¬â‚¬ected in this group for 2 reasons: By understanding the employees needs you will recognize that the money don’t solve everything. the people have many need you cant achieved by hard cash.Theory give the Manager the ability to satisfy the employees without costly. its not expensive to create safety environment for them or to have team social where 3 EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION they get to know each other. that will help them to be more enthusiastic and less obstinate. on the other hand we can apply Job rotation Approach and moving the unenthusiastic employees to other sections where they can be more comfortable and enthusiastic. The main reason for the high absenteeism and poor attitude toward the customer is dissatisfaction with the work environment.If we want to ï ¬ x this problem, we ï ¬ rst have to know what are the things that bother the staï ¬â‚¬. Herzberg’s Motivator theory can help us to discover what are the things that make the employees Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction. the theory said that the The opposite of Satisfaction is No Satisfaction and The opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction. therefor we have ï ¬ rst to Eliminate Job Dissatisfaction (hygiene factors) such as Security, Status, Salary and Company Policies. Then Create Conditions for Job Satisfaction such as Achievement, Recognition and Responsibility. After we ï ¬ nish this two step the people will start to be more Satisfaction and motivated by the work environment. the best theory for ambitious and want to advance in the organization employees is McClelland’s Human Motivation Theory. According to the theory, each person have diï ¬â‚¬erent dominant motivators, whether these are the needs for power, achievement or aï ¬Æ'liation. by knowing which dominant motivators work for each person in your team, you can structure praise and rewards eï ¬â‚¬ectively. Also by using this theory you will help your employees to be more achievable and ambitious. In the next few lines I will explain the pest program to keep the your employees motivated and enthusiastic According to my research.  Try to make the work environment more comfortable and pleasant as possible, especially for the employees with low-skill and monotonous roles. Additionally, don’t forget to Reward your team, even by saying â€Å"thank you† for them even if they do a small job. Let them having control some time, when the people feeling that they have the control of what tasks and project they can, that give the more job satisfaction. People with low ambitious usually go for low state job, So you have to make them feel proud of what they did and treat them equally with the other employees even in the rewards. The best approach that you can use here is â€Å"Job Enrichment†, which mean simply â€Å"Increasing Job Satisfaction†.When your work assignments reï ¬â€šect task identity, a good level of skill variety, task signiï ¬ cance, autonomy, and feedback, your employees are likely be much more satisfaction, also have high work eï ¬â‚¬ectiveness and high intrinsic work motivation. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION CONCLUSION: understanding that factors that motivate your employees is the most signiï ¬ cant part of your role as the manager. Also that will help your business to improve. More ever, providing the best environment will help you to keep them motivated and satisfaction. As a manager you have to be close to your employees and know they needs Individually. 3

Media culture Essays - Hip Hop, BET, African-American Culture

Media culture Essays - Hip Hop, BET, African-American Culture Byron Williams Jillian Weber 19 April 2013 ENGL 102 Essay 3 Media culture heavily influences those who consume it. It is how we get our news, entertainment, and other information. Media sources often portray accurate images and reflections of citizens who want their 15 minutes of fame or just want their opinion heard. However, the more modern depiction of Black people in America doesnt sit well with Black people in America. As an African American male, I witness the misconstrued images of black men and women tarnish the reality of our everyday lives. Those seen on TV are glorified more often than criticized, and can be humorous to other viewing races. This allows members of other ethnicities to quickly generalize that he/she must be like the people I see on television. Sadly, this opens the door for more racial assumptions and the perpetuation of common stereotypes. Before extensively detailing how the inaccurate portrayal of African Americans has been a tool for racism, let me commend those who have done their part in displaying excellence and high standards for being an African American. Professional Black actors and entertainers are among the most monitored and scrutinized within black media culture. Music and television almost controls our opinions and as it changes, sure enough so do we. These people are seen as role-models young children who absorb even the slightest things they do. Positive black mentors arent tough to find in the media, but those identified will be placed under a more sensitive microscope. This is because African American citizens realize the dire need for positive influences; our present and our future are greatly dependent upon it. Oprah Winfrey is the ideal African American woman in todays society. She is completely independent, has a warm personality, brings humorous energy, and quietly-kept sexual desires. Since her rise to power, she has feminized the public sphere and put emphasis on emotions and how they tie into corporal matters. Her following is cult-like and she is seen as the most powerful woman outside of the White House. As much as America adores Ms. Winfrey, black women are the most misperceived demographic in our country. Black women were once thought of as strong, nurturing females who could stretch a penny. For example, the 70s family sitcom Good Times was about a black Chicago family faced with poverty and racism; yet they manage to pull through and stay together. They show expresses humility in African Americans, reminding us either of how bad things can get or to appreciate lifes free gifts (family, love, freedom). The mother of the show was named Florida Evans. She is hard-working and persis tent enough to keep the family satisfied and sane. To viewing American , Florida, but more importantly, black women were seen as mammythe big-bosomed, cheerful laughing caretaker to whom young white children could go to and have their problems wiped away by a few words and a hug. It was during this time when Black women were treasures in American society and they were the biggest contributors to love that the country had ever seen. Even with Oprah sitting on her throne as queen of the media and Florida Evans history as the backbone of a family, there still resides detest for our women. From advertisements that make darker skin seem ugly, to psychologist Satoshi Kanazawa, claiming that black women are ugly due to high testosterone levels, this country hates black women. Once perceived as optimal maternal figures, black women are known as ratchets, tricks, and (the big one) bitches. How the change in perception occurred is vaguely known but the consequences of this change are crippling African American women of all ages. This shift in thinking has forced Black women out of the conversation about how they should be shown and how they should act. Despite Oprah claiming that every womans destiny is in her own hands, black women no longer control who they are. The VH1 reality show Love and Hip Hop: Atlanta has been a favorite for Black people across America and continues into its second season this week. Clearly the series is tailored to African American requests by involving hip hop, Atlanta luxury, and beautiful black women. Cameras follow the lives of different individuals

Managed care backlash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managed care backlash - Essay Example The notion of gatekeeping generally represents laying down the requirement of visiting healthcare specialists only after getting a referral from a primary physician. On the other hand, the practice of utilization review denotes submission of the proposed processes to the respective insurers and more importantly introduction of a potential denial for covering experimental or expensive treatments (Pinkovskiy, 2013). Though managed care enabled the insurers to reimburse the physicians as well as the hospitals in return for the functions or the procedures performed by them, the practice did not intervened treatment choices of the physicians. This eventually restricted the medical practitioners to provide effective care to the patients, as they lack in selecting best practices associated with delivering quality along with effective healthcare to the patients. Specially mentioning, there exist certain situations based on which the impacts of managed care backlash particularly on reimbursement can be witnessed. In this context, such situations were reckoned to be lowering treatment quality on behalf of medical specialists and limiting patient choices among others (Sekhri,

To what extent can The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009) be described Essay

To what extent can The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009) be described as a feminist text - Essay Example Additionally, she was drug abused and a lonely woman being suffering the miseries of her life through the hands of his own people. However, she has been shown as a strong woman who takes revenge along with justifying his stance. The storyline is quite captivating in every regard making readers and viewers to enjoy every bit of it (Larsson, 2011). Though, a number of critiques have stated that the movie revolves around the subject of feminist where huge focus has been on highlighting the position and power of women in the society against the men (Newman, 2011). Additionally, with a strong plot, the movie also questions the deeds of men in the society and crimes committed by them in the form of rapes and murders. Being a string gender, the acts of men in the society and especially in the settings of Sweden have been closely analysed through the lenses of feminist approach. On the other hand, the movie supporters stated that the mainly because of the female protagonist, there have been talks about the film being a feminist text but in reality, it touches social issues that need to be understood from women’s’ perspectives (Bourke, 2007). Based on this, the discussion will revolve around analysing the fact to what extent the movie can be described as a feminist text along with discussing about the crime, sexuality, and gender in Sweden in a critical manner. The movie has some serious drama, sexual explicit, physical abuses, rapes, murders, and crime scenes that can be alluring and saddening but showcasing the reality to an extent prevailing in the backdrop of a country like Sweden. The movie shows that the publisher of the Millennium Magazine loses a case involving allegations that were published by him about the billionaire financier Wennerstrom. He was sentenced to three months of imprisonment. The female protagonist in the form of Lisbeth Slander was hired by Vanger, the patriarch of

Organizational Change and Stress Management Essay

Organizational Change and Stress Management - Essay Example WIlis, Stephen D Mastrofski, David Weisburd, and Rosann Greenspan is analyzed. Introduction of COMPSTAT in Lowell As Willis, Mastrofski and Weisburd (2003) point out, department heads conducted regular meetings with their district heads and discussed crime trends. Also, their responses to crimes were collected and future strategies were developed. Thus, it allowed the systematic use of hard data and heightened accountability to reduce crime in society. (Worcester Regional Research Bureau, 2003). However, its implementation in Lowell was not free from errors and hence, after the initial success, the program failed. The program was introduced in Lowell by Superintendent Davis. As a part of the program, there were a number of changes in Lowell. First of all, it divided the entire Lowell into three sectors and each sector captain was solely responsible for the crimes within the area under his control, and the sector captain remained accountable to the top brass. Willis, Mastrofski, Weisb urd and Greenspan (2003) note that according to the plan suggested by the superintendent, the sector captain from one of the three sectors had to submit his report in every biweekly meeting. The biweekly meeting usually contained twenty to thirty members including the superintendent, the top brass of the police department and some invited guests, sergeants and patrol officers. The captain who had to submit the report explained all the details of his area and, had to answer questions and suggestions from the meeting members. Any perceived defect in the strategies he adopted was met with criticism from the superintendent and other members in the meeting. So, instead of improving communication and cooperation, such meetings became ‘pressure cookers’ for the sector captains. In addition, as the COMPSTAT did not suggest any formal way for them to communicate the issues with the officers below them, they found it almost impossible to achieve what the top brass suggested. Behn (2008) reports that COMPSTAT brought autocratic power, orders, close observation, and negative reinforcement in the police force instead of the perceived decentralization of power. The Resistance from Employees Admittedly, COMPSTAT did not come into existence without any resistance. The changes were not acceptable to most of the officers. The first effect of the change was that the middle layer officers, that is, the sector captains, stopped divulging important details to the COMPSTAT as they find it dangerous to their own individual careers. First of all, if they revealed any shortcoming or lack of efficiency from their part, it was met with stiff criticism from the top brass. Secondly, there evolved rivalry among sectors as the improvement in one sector means criticism for the remaining sectors in the COMPSTAT meetings. Barkan and Bryjak (2011) reflect that middle layer officers resisted this move through deficient exchange of information. The second point of resistance came from the rank-and-file as they found themselves out of the decision-making process. Though it was claimed that the decision-making power goes to the lower end of the system, what happened in practice was quite the opposite. Only the top brass possessed the power to take decisions, and the ones taken by middle order were highly criticized if went wrong. Thus, the rank-and-file category found it unimportant to cooperate with the innovative system and

If Age And Gender Play A Role In Staying Healthy Or Gaining Weight Essay

If Age And Gender Play A Role In Staying Healthy Or Gaining Weight - Essay Example This is because women have a lower resting metabolic rate more than men who burn a lot of energy when they are resting. This means that men need extra calories for maintaining their body weight more than women need. However, the research indicates that, in most cases, women gain more weight than men after menopause because the metabolic rate for women decreases considerably. RESEARCH QUESTION Does age and gender play a role in staying healthy or gaining weight? METHODS The research was conducted by employing qualitative research design for data collection. It also involved some participant of different age group brackets and a different gender. The research employed an effective procedure through using different apparatus in order to achieve the intended results. Participants The researcher included varied age group brackets that were selected from different gender groups. For instance, those who participated in the research study included 27 women and 23 men from different areas. The selected age of women and men were from the age of 35 and above. Among these groups, there were 15 children aging from 10-15 and 10 youths aging from 18- 35. The participants came from various schools and people from the community surrounding the chosen schools. The researcher chose the participants through random sampling on the targeted study area. The research study employed qualitative research design method in collecting information to reveal in case gender and age play significant roles in maintaining health. ... Moreover, the current study indicates that gender is a risk factor for healthy determination. For instance, women tend to gain weight faster than men (Mokdad 2003, p. 76). This is because women have lower resting metabolic rate more than men who burn a lot of energy when they are resting. This means that men need extra calories for maintaining their body weight more than women need. However, the research indicates that, in most cases, women gain more weight than men after menopause because the metabolic rate for women decreases considerably. RESEARCH QUESTION Does age and gender play a role in staying healthy or gaining weight? METHODS The research was conducted through employing qualitative research design for data collection. It also involved some participant of different age group brackets and different gender. The research employed an effective procedure through using different apparatus in order to achieve the intended results. Participants The researcher included varied age gro up brackets that were selected from different gender groups. For instance, those who participated in the research study included 27 women and 23 men from different areas. The selected age of women and men were from the age of 35 and above. Among these groups, there were 15 children aging from 10-15 and 10 youths aging from 18- 35. The participants came from various schools and people from the community surrounding the chosen schools. The researcher chose the participants through random sampling on the targeted study area. Qualitative Research Design The research study employed qualitative research design method in collecting information to reveal in case gender and age play significant roles in maintaining health. Qualitative research design is one of the effective methods employed by

Metaphors In Cognitive Linguistics

Metaphors In Cognitive Linguistics The nature of metaphor. Are people aware of the existence of metaphors in their everyday lives? Very often we treat them only as stylistic devices, but in fact metaphorical expressions verbally represent the way of human thinking and reasoning. People tend to conceptualise emotions, love being one of them, metaphorically because both emotions and metaphors connected with them are inevitable parts of everyday live. Without our ability to categorize, we would not function at all, either in the physical world or in our social and intellectual lives (1990: 6) explains Lakoff in Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. According to Cognitive Linguistics, language is a very powerful tool as it reflects the way we categorize and conceptualise the world we live in. It is almost impossible to understand a thing without grouping it with other category members that share the same properties. In doing so, we acquire different kinds of concepts and, as a result, build our general knowledge. Cognitive Linguistics allows us to understand that metaphorical thinking is crucial to human cognition. Thus, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their Metaphors we live by propose a cognitive theory of metaphor, as a process thanks to which one concept is understood using another concept (Lakoff 1980: 5). The best example of this is talking about LOVE in terms of JOURNEYS. As mentioned previously, our ability to categorize allowed us to gather knowledge about journeys that we can depend on in understanding love. Zoltà  n Kà ¶vecses in Metaphor, A Practical Introduction emphasizes that we need to differentiate conceptual metaphor from metaphorical linguistic expressions. He proves that the latter disclose the existence of the former. Let us use a few examples to reveal the relationship between conceptual metaphor ( small capitals) and metaphorical expressions ( italics). LOVE IS A JOURNEY Were at the crossroads. Its been bumpy road. Our marriage is on the rocks. Were stuck. We cant turn back now. ( Kà ¶vecses 2002:6 ) We can conclude that such metaphorical expressions give us insight into the metaphorical nature of the concepts that structure our everyday activities (Kà ¶vecses 2002: 7). How do we conceptualise emotions? Lakoff in Women, Fire and Dangerous Things views emotions as having no conceptual content. However, I believe there must be some, as we are able to describe the intensity of a particular emotion. Although feelings and emotions are extremely difficult to understand, these abstract concepts can be conceptualised with the help of more concrete ones (Lakoff 1980:59), that is why LOVE is conceptualised in terms of FIRE or WAR (e.g. My love is on fire, I do not want to get burned again, This kindled love in his heart). Concrete concepts facilitate the understanding of these complex emotions. There are many examples of metaphors of love ( which I will try to present in the following chapters). They are common in everyday life as they present different aspects of this powerful emotion. Without the notion of metaphor, we would not be able to comprehend such an abstract feeling as love. The intensity plays an essential role in the way we think of love, for instance. The conceptual metaphor LOVE IS FIRE emphasizes the existence of love (on fire), its intensity (flames), duration and shows how love affects people (He was consumed by love) . Due to the existence of metaphor, the most powerful emotions, love being one of them, can be interpreted. 1.2 Source and Target Domains So far, we have managed to explain that metaphor consists of two concepts and that we comprehend one concept in terms of another. These concepts are called domains. According to Kà ¶vecses, conceptual metaphors tend to use abstract concept as a target and more concrete as their source ( 2002:6). LOVE IS A JOURNEY love forms the target domain journey forms the source domain ( a conceptual domain we try ( a conceptual domain we take a to comprehend) conceptual content from) As far as metaphors of love are concerned, many people wonder why some endearments are more popular than others. Why the expression my sweet-heart is more popular then my sweet-leg when talking to the beloved person? Why do we use one and not the other? When we look at the endearments containing fairy-like elements the most common are: prince-charming, my princess, my knight. Why is it like that? The answer is obvious, we choose these fairytale characters because we find some of their charactristics attractive and we want to ascribe them to the person we love. Lakoff and Johnson claim that this kind of tendency is more regular rather than occasional (1980: 67). The previously mentioned characters, are the SOURCE domains whereas the person to be described the TARGET domain. Similarly, from fire (source in LOVE IS FIRE metaphor) love takes its intensity and from an insane person (source in LOVE IS MADNESS metaphor) his/her quite irresponsible and strange behaviour. The examples above show that the source domain provides us with terms necessary to describe the target domain. As Lakoff proposes, in order to describe and understand the target domain, one must have the knowledge of the source domain. Let us take LOVE IS A JOURNEY metaphor. We understand love because we have knowledge about journeys. Each time we think about journeys, we consider travelers, route and destination. In order to understand love in terms of a journey, one must have in mind the idea of lovers as travelers, the course of their romantic relationship as an act of traveling with happy moments as well as obstacles (Its been bumpy road). Our knowledge about different kinds of journeys equips us with a powerful tool that can be used to make the description of love richer and more adequate. 1.3 Mapping So far, we have established that a conceptual metaphor consists of two domains: source and target. We have also found out that we need to take into account both domains to fully understand a conceptual metaphor. However, what does it mean to understand a metaphor? Kà ¶vecses explains that the knowledge of correspondences between these two domains is necessary to comprehend a conceptual metaphor. We refer to these conceptual analogies as MAPPINGS ( Kà ¶vecses 2002: 6). Let us take one example concerning metaphor of love to see how the mapping can function. We cannot turn back now. When we use the expression cannot turn back, we reveal that we are not going to change the direction and destination of our journey. We refers to people involved in a journey. That is how we created three necessary elements of a journey: a destination, travelers and a journey as such. However, when we apply an appropriate context to the sentence, we will get a new meaning of it. We will understand the whole sentence to be about love. Thus, the travelers are lovers who discuss things that are happening in their relationship while cannot turn back can be interpreted as a situation when lovers cannot change the course of events that happened to them. JOURNEY LOVE THE SOURCE DOMAIN THE TARGET DOMAIN We- travelers We-lovers Journey Romantic relationship Destination of a journey Lovers aims or goals Difficulties that travelers encounter Obstacles in the relationship The example above shows that the understanding of a conceptual metaphor goes from more concrete (the journey) to the more abstract concept (events in the relationship) (Kà ¶vecses 2002: 6). Such a rule was called The Principle of Unidirectionality . 1.4 Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlightning and Hiding We have already learnt that there is a systematicity that allows us to understand one concept in terms of another (e.g. interpreting development of love in terms of a journey or the intensity of love in terms of fire) (Lakoff, Johnson 1980:10). However, what does systematicity mean? When we talk about love in terms of a journey, we use vocabulary that is normally applied when discussing travelling e.g. We are at the crossroads. We can see that there is a kind of a pattern we tend to use. Thus, systematicity is a pattern that affects the way we talk about love, allowing us to use words or phrases that previously had been used to refer to different concepts (Lakoff 1980: 7). Kà ¶vecses points out that when a metaphor concentrates on one or more features of a concept, it highlights those features. However, when one aspect of a given concept is highlighted, the other ones will be hidden (2002: 80). Checking which features are highlighted or hidden in the following metaphors of love will give more light to this interesting issue. LOVE IS SUBSTANCE She was filled with love. He poured out his affections on her. She couldnt hold in her love for him any longer. LOVE IS NATURAL FORCE She swept me off my feet. Waves of passion came over him. She was carried away by love. (Lakoff 1980: 49) As we can see conceptual metaphors create and describe the target domain by directing attention at or hiding different angles of it. Thus, in LOVE IS SUBSTANCE metaphor, the aspect of content is highlighted, whereas the possible chance of development of a romantic feeling is concealed. The examples of LOVE IS A NATURAL FORCE metaphor reveal that love cannot be controlled as well as show the intensity of the emotion. However, the aspect of an emotional enrichment, which is also present when people experience such an overwhelming feeling, is hidden. 1.5 Structural metaphors So far we have found out that metaphors are not discussed only as poetic devices but as ways of our thinking and understanding abstract concepts. We can distinguish three kinds of metaphors: structural, ontological and orientational. In ontological metaphors experiences are treated as concrete objects e.g. containers (I put a lot of energy into preparing decorations) . When we deal with them in such a way we can refer to them, categorize them, group them, and quantify them and, by these means, reason about them (Lakoff 1980:25). The group of orientational metaphors is said to be connected with our orientation in space. Concepts are connected with physical orientation, for instance happiness is up (Im feeling up) and sadness is down (Im feeling down) (Lakoff1980:16). Structural metaphor is the most productive type of all conceptual metaphors. Thanks to these metaphors, complex and abstract experiences can be understood in terms of simpler and more concrete ones e.g. LOVE IS A JOURNEY. In Metaphors we live by Lakoff and Johnson state that the conceptual system is metaphorical in nature (1980:4). What does it mean, how can it structure the world we live in and how does it influence our activities? Let us take LOVE IS FIRE metaphor as an example. My heart is on fire. He was consumed by love. I do not want to get burned again. That kindled love in his heart. Thanks to the metaphorical expression That kindled love in his heart, we can conceptualise love as having a beginning and an end just as fire has. When the fire is kindled, the love begins; when it goes out, the love ends. These examples also prove that we not only talk about love in terms of fire. The lover can be consumed by love when he/she is so in love that it is all that he/she thinks about. If the lover does not want to get burned again it may mean he/she does not want to experience the same serious dissapointment after an unsuccessful relationship. Due to the fact that the essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another (Lakoff 1980:5), we can conclude that love is structured and understood (Lakoff 1980:5) in terms of fire. 1.6 Container Metaphors and Personification Another kind of a conceptual metaphor has been called by Lakoff and Johnson the container metaphor. In container metaphors humans are viewed as containers with boundaries and an orientation of inside and outside f.e. She was filled with love (Lakoff 1980:29). As far as non-physical objects are concerned, they can also be comprehended by mentally converting them into physical ones. Let us imagine our world as a container with borders separating the inside from the outside. It is clear when we take into consideration objects that have natural or artificial boundaries, for instance rooms. However, when we talk about our emotional states or conditions e.g. He is in love, the matter is not so obvious. Lakoff and Johnson suggest that we tend to conceptualise our emotions as containers, whereas the way we feel when we experience particular emotions is conceptualised as being inside the container (1980:30). Emotions can be also comprehended in terms of substances e.g. His heart was filled wi th love (Bierwiaczonek 2002:140). As Bierwiaczonek points out heart and eyes are most frequently used as containers for emotions being understood with the help of substances (2002:140). A crucial as well as interesting group of ontological metaphors are those describing something as a person: personifications (Lakoff 1980: 33). This means that we ascribe human features to non-living objects. Looking at metaphors of love, we are overwhelmed with a feeling that love has been personified in many metaphorical expressions. The following are only the most common examples. Love can give you hope. Love can be blind. Love can be tender. What is even more appealing, love can go through the same stages as humans do in the course of life, love comes to life, it lasts and dies. References Lakoff, George. 1990. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. What Categories Reveal About the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Lakoff, George and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kà ¶vecses, Zoltà ¡n, 2002. Metaphor, A Practical Introduction. Oxford University Press, Inc. George Lakoff, 1993. Contemporary Theory of Metaphor. In Andrew Ortony, (ed.) Metaphor and Thought, 202-251. New York: Cambridge University Press. McGlone, M.S. 1996. Conceptual Metaphors and Figurative Language Interpretation: Food for Thought? Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 544-565. CHAPTER 2 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF METAPHORS OF LOVE The models of love In the previous chapter we have managed to understand that thanks to metaphor, which is a crucial part of our everyday life, we are able to conceptualise the world we live in. We have admitted that metaphor cannot be treated only as a stylistic device because as Reddy suggests the locus of metaphor is thought, not language (in Lakoff 1980: 204). Such an idea proves that our reasoning as well as our behaviour reflect the way we metaphorically comprehend everything that happens in our lives. Powerful emotions, love being one of them, are inevitable parts of the human existence thus metaphors such as LOVE IS FIRE or LOVE IS A CONTAINER help us to understand this overwhelming feeling. Very often love is seen as a kind of an award we get, something that enables us to do things we are normally afraid to do as it equips us with extra power. According to Kà ¶vecses (in Bierwiaczonek 2002:25) we distinguish two models of love: ideal and typical. Having in mind that only ideal love provides us with the previously mentioned power, it is not difficult to guess what kind of love we look for. In the ideal model of love, lovers see themselves as a unity (e.g. We are one) as they complement each other. They are imbued with the feelings that their love is a true one, that they were created to live together and that their love is immortal. The lovers believe that there is an emotional bond between them, which enables them to live in a perfect harmony. Needless to say, there are certain psychological effects that occur when we are in love: increased body heat, blushing, increased heart rate (2002: 25). There are many categories of love, however five of them are the most common. Bierwiaczonek (2002:28) presents the following kinds of love: FAMILY LOVE: PARENTAL and CHILDS LOVE OF PARENTS, the family love is revealed through the care and attention that parents give their children and vice versa (e.g. Mother muzzled my cheek); FRIENDSHIP, great liking for someone, friendship constitutes an emotional bond between people, it can even complement sexual love, give a new meaning to it and enrich partners realationship; SEXUAL LOVE, sexual passion; AGAPE, Gods admiration, Christian love and LOVE OF THINGS, fondness for material possessions (e.g. His love was money.) Most of the metaphors of love consider sexual love, thus for the purpose of the work we will discuss only these types of metaphors. Metaphors of love 2.2.1 Metaphors of lovers Metaphors of lovers are very intriguing kinds of metaphors since they highlight the aspect of lovers who are involved in a romantic relationship (Bierwiaczonek 2002:112). In the metaphor LOVE IS A UNITY, the metaphorical expression We are one indicates that lovers are parts of a whole. Similarly, the metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY shows lovers as travelers, whereas the metaphor LOVE IS WAR presents them as participants in a war or even opponents. LOVERS ARE PARTS OF A WHOLE She is my better half They are unseparable There is a strong bond between them (Bierwiaczonek 2002:113) The examples above prove that we can discuss lovers or think about them as parts of a larger whole. Although metaphors reflecting our emotional states are used spontaneously, not all combinations are possible. The metaphorical expression She is my better half perfectly suits when we consider she as a lover. When we think of she as a family member e.g. My mum is my better half, the whole expression sounds ridiculous (Bierwiaczonek 2002:113). There are also metaphors emphasizing the behaviour of lovers f.g. LOVERS ARE BIRDS (f.e. Look at those two lovebirds on the bench). In LOVE IS MADNESS metaphor, lovers are presented as insane people mainly due to the intensity of love which makes them behave irresponsibly or, in extreme cases, lovers may lose control over themselves (e.g. He has gone mad about her). 2.2.2 Love is a journey metaphor So far, the analysis of conceptual metaphor enabled us to explain that such an abstract feeling as love can only be comprehended with the help of metaphor. Which metaphors of love can facilitate the understanding of contemporary world? How do people conceptualise these metaphors? LOVE IS A JOURNEY Its been a long, bumpy road. Look how far we have come. We are at a crossroads. I do not think this relationship is going anywhere. We are stuck. Our marriage is on the rocks. We have gotten off the track. Well just have to go our separate ways. (Lakoff 1980:45) As mentioned in the first chapter, people use concrete concepts to understand more abstract ones (Kà ¶vecses 2002:6). Such a tendency justifies the fact of using the concept of a journey when trying to comprehend love. Worth mentioning is also the variety of metaphorical expressions concerning different types of journeys. When talking about love, people can refer to train travel (e.g. We have gotten off the track), car travel (e.g. We are at the crossroads) and sea travel (e.g. Our marriage is on the rocks) (Lakoff 1980:45). Such a diversity makes the verbal reflection of our emotions richer and, as a result, the pictures created in mind are more vivid. SOURCE- JOURNEY TARGET- LOVE Love is war metaphor LOVE IS WAR He is known for his many rapid conquests He is slowly gaining ground with her He fought for him but his mistress won out He overpowered her She is besieged by suitors He has to fend them off He made an ally of her father ( Lakoff 1980:49) LOVE IS WAR metaphor is an example of a strutural metaphor, the metaphor which facilitates understanding an abstract concept of love using the concept of war. As far as war is concerned, we consider the following issues: two fighting sides, the result of the fight and the fight itself. In LOVE IS WAR metaphor, such components respectively refer to the lovers, the result of the verbal battle and the disagreement between lovers. SOURCE- WAR The above examples clearly emphasize the existence of the fight between the lovers f.e. He overpowered her. However, the fact of cooperation, which is also present during the war, is hidden. The lovers are shown as opponents trying to fight for their rights. According to Lakoff (1980: 61-67), our language is an expression of our thoughts and feelings. Treating them as parts of our personality, we can assume that LOVE IS WAR metaphor shows one aspect of our personality- willingness to fight for what we consider crucial to our well-being. TARGET- LOVE Love is magic metaphor LOVE IS MAGIC She cast her spell over me She had me hypnotized I was entranced by him She is bewitching I was spellbound (Lakoff 1980:49) From the dawn of history people have been intrigued by magic. On one hand they saw impossible things taking place in front of their eyes, on the other hand their common sense forbade them to believe in such miracles. Although, it is not important whether humans belive in magic or not, what is important is the fact that people are not indifferent to it. Magic affects people and fascinates them profoundly. Women especially are said to have the power to seduce men, hypnotize them or even, cast spells on them. As love is treated almost as a magical and inexplicable phenomenon, it is not difficult to understand why LOVE is comprehended in terms of MAGIC. LOVE IS MAGIC metaphor definitely emphasises the existence of an almost magical conncection that bonds lovers, while hiding the aspect of the mortality of partners and their inability to use magic. SOURCE- MAGIC TARGET- LOVE Love is madness metaphor LOVE IS MADNESS Im crazy about her She drives me out of my mind He has gone mad over her Im just wild about Harry He constantly raves about her (Lakoff 1980: 49) In LOVE IS MADNESS metaphor love is presented as a state of insanity. When one is in love, she/he experiences certain kinds of emotions which are, in fact, similar to mental states of madness. Only intensity differentiates these emotions from each other. Each time we go through them, we have symptoms indicating a psychological illness. Very often the object of love is treated as a cause of a particular feeling or illness (e.g. She drives me out of my mind). One in love is shown as an insane person (e.g Im crazy about her) and a feeling of love as an illness itself. LOVE IS MADNESS metaphor directs our attention at the profound effect that love has on people, thus humans tend to compare it to the state of madness. However, the metaphor refuses to highlight the ability to create plans for the partners future and the aspect of a fruitful cooperation which are also present in a romantic relationship SOURCE- MADNESS TARGET- LOVE Love is a patient metaphor LOVE IS A PATIENT This is a sick relationship They are a strong, healthy marriage Their marriage is dead, it cannot be revived We are getting back on our feet Their marriage is on its last legs (Lakoff 1980: 49) We have already mentioned that lovers are treated as a unity (e.g. We are one). The existence of a unity between spouses indicates the belief that they are actually one person. Due to the fact that a person in love can suffer from symptoms of an illness, we can assume that lovers are patients. The patients health state represents the state of the relationship or marriage. Although the physical and mental condition of the relationship is revealed, the possible ways of healing the marriage are concealed. All of us have experienced an illness at least once in our life-time. However each illness, even the smallest one, is treated as something new. As far as love is concerned, each new relationship is worth taking care of because as Hubert H. Humphrey said The greatest healing therapy is friendship and love. Love can make us feel sick, but it is also able to heal our hearts and souls. SOURCE- PATIENT TARGET- LOVE Love is fire metaphor LOVE IS FIRE I dont want to get burned again. My hearts on fire. That kindled love in his heart. She is his latest flame. He was consumed by love. (Lakoff 1980: 49) Humans describe love as a one of the most vivid and powerful feelings we experience, that is why we use so many metaphors in order to describe the aspects of this overwhelming emotion. However, LOVE IS FIRE metaphor is the most significiant as far as the intensity of love is concerned. As we have observed the intensity of the emotion is highlighted, whereas the possibility of a regeneration after an unfortunate relationship is hidden (people, things cannot revive after being utterly damaged by flames). Thanks to this conceptual metaphor, people can connect different phases of fire burning with different stages of being in love. Such a conceptualisation explains that love, as well as fire, has its beginning, duration and the end. The damage caused by the intensity of fire can refer to the lovers psychological damage because of the disappointment in love. SOURCE- FIRE TARGET- LOVE Love is a physical force metaphor LOVE IS A PHYSICAL FORCE He was magnetically drawn to her His whole life revolves around her The atmosphere around them is always charged They gravitated to each other immediately I could feel the electricity between us (Lakoff 1980: 49) Intensity, being one of the most siginficant features of love, enables us to use forces such as magnetism, gravity and electicity while talking about this powerful emotion. LOVE IS A PHYSICAL FORCE metaphor definitely highlights an imperious aspect of love over other emotions that people can feel. In this metaphor, humans conceptualize love as a force majeure, something that they cannot control or have an influence on. If we assume that such a feeling as love cannot be controlled, we have to admit that also lovers cannot be restricted. The existence of magnetism between them signifies the necessity of living together or spending as much time as possible with each other whereas electricity between lovers presents the power of love that bonds them. SOURCE- A PHYSICAL FORCE TARGET- LOVE 2.2.9 Love is a rapture metaphor LOVE IS A RAPTURE Im giddy with love Ive been high on love for weeks She is drunk with love He is intoxicated with love (Lakoff 1980:49) The examples above present love as a state of an ecstasy caused by drugs or alcohol. The existence of such a metaphor proves that the behaviour of people who are in love resembles the conduct of those being on a drug- induced high. Although lovers do not usually take any narcotic stimulants, they indeed show symptoms of an addiction. A constant thinking about the object of love, a difficult to understand happiness when spending time with each other or a determination to win the beloveds heart are symptoms which may be misunderstood and the person showing them may be accused of using illegal stimulants. However, in everyday situations humans realize that love has such an impact on those experiencing it that they actually can act irresponsiby. SOURCE RUPTURE TARGET- LOVE There are many different kinds of metaphors of love presenting various aspects of this overwhelming feeling. I have chosen only a few of them, the most fascinating and ambiguous ones. The analysis of the metaphors of love proved that this feeling is difficult to comprehend because of its complexity. By trials and errors I have realized that it is impossible to present all the possible sides of this powerful emotion. Love affects people profoundly and therefore it is very important for them. That is why they try to comprehend this abstract feeling using more concrete concepts such as a journey, war or fire. Thanks to metaphors we create in our minds the breathtaking pictures of an incredible world we live in.